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Case Study: Gediz River, TURKEY![]() The seaward fringe of the Gediz Delta is an important nature reserve and has recently been designated as a Ramsar site to protect rare bird species. Due to irrigation demands, the reserve suffers from water shortages. A second component of environmental demand is the water needed for waste conveyance to the sea, requiring some minimum flow. There is a good number of creeks that discharge directly into the inner Bay, causing significant pollution problems and flooding due to recent land use changes (primarily urbanization), which exerts considerable pressure on the water resource system in general. The primary issues in the case study are water shortage, competing use, and high levels of pollution that are typical for the coastal zone and its rapid economic development. The linkage between the physical constraints and the institutional and policy shortcoming are among the the main topics. An optimization approach is required to solve problems of water shortage and competing uses of natural resources under physical, institutional, legal, social, and economic constraints. The end user group includes the State Hydraulic Works (DSI), Ministry of Environment (MoE), Metropolitan Municipality of Izmir (MMI), other local governments in the Gediz River Basin, General Directorate of Rural Services (GDRS), irrigation associations (IAs), other irrigators, industries, Bank of Provinces (IB), and NGOs.
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