WaterWare On-line Manuals: Instruments

WaterWare
Reference &
User Manual

WaterWare On-line Manuals

Release Level

6.2

Release Date

2010 05

Revision Level

1.0

Last modified on: Thursday, 20-May-10 19:32 CEST

Optimization: Instruments

Instruments represent possible strategies, technological solutions, projects, i.e., mechanisms that can be applied to a given node to modify its behaviour; Instruments have associated costs, and change the behaviour of the node. Depending on the type, they can modify various node characteristics such as costs, water demand, losses, flows, allocation rules, etc.

Instruments are selected from the Water Technologies data base. Their specific parameter are adapted for the node specific situation.

Instrument Selection and Configuration

The selection and configuration mechanism for INSTRUMENTS is described with the optimization scenario. Instruments can be applied to various degrees between a minimum and a maximum application rate specified for any instrument/node combination. The probability of selecting and configuring and instrument can be scaled with a weight factor.

Instruments can be applied

globally, to all nodes and thus sector;
to a specific sector only;
to a specific NODE.

Only the latter type is currently implemented.

Instruments are grouped by the class of nodes (node types) they can be applied to. Applicable NODE TYPES are:

DEMAND NODES (currently the only class implemented) that affect demand, efficiency, and losses for this NODE CLASS.
START NODES, for example, inter basin transfer, desalination, water harvesting, or stronger pumps for wells and well fields;
RESERVOIR NODES, for example additional new reservoirs;
DIVERSIONS that can be used to switch on or off additional reaches in the network or modify allocation rules, priorities, and target flows;
RECHARGE NODES with a multiplier on the recharge target flows.
CONTROL NODES by modifying the target or refernce time series multipliers.

INSTRUMENTS for DEMAND NODES

Instruments for DEMAND NODES are currently available in the water technology data base for the domains: demand (generic), agriculture, and domestic.

In the optimization, they affect the following four model parameters or processes with a multiplier:

demand
conveiance loss
return flow loss
consumptive use

INSTRUMENTS for START NODES

Instruments for START NODES simply define a multiplier for the (in)flow to the basin. This is only applicable for START NODES of the subtypes:

wells and well fields
interbasin transfer
desalination
water harvesting.

No instruments are applicable to START NODES of the types:

sub-catchments
natural springs

The available instruments are representing more, stronger, or deeper pumping, more interbasin transfer, more desalination, together with the range of a minimal to maximum (proportional) application or installation rate and the associated economic (investment and operating cost together with the reference unit).

The only exception is water harvesting where the flow is calculated dynamically from precipitation data (given an effective collection area and a collection efficiency parameter). A water harvesting technology specifies a maximum collection area and a collection efficiency together with a minimum and maximum application or installation rate and the associated economic (investment and operating cost together with the reference unit).

INSTRUMENTS for RESERVOIR NODES

Instruments for RESERVOIR NODES can affect losses (evaporation or seepage) on existing reservoirs, change the dead storage (e.g., by dredging) or they provide an alternative (additional) reservoir alltogether. This isrepresented by the followoing parameters:

evaporation rate multiplier: 1.0 - 0.0;
seepage rate multiplier: 1.0 - 0.0;
dead storage multipier: 1.0 - 0.0;
on-off switch: 0/1; if the switch is set to off, the reservoirs acts like a geometry node, i.e., it does NOT affect flow, its inflow equals it outflow in any time step.
Please note the the minimum - maximimm application rate does NOT apply to this on-off switch.

INSTRUMENTS for DIVERSIONS

Instruments for DIVERSION NODES can affect any or all of:

diversion flow multiplier: 0.0 - 10.0;
mainstream target flow multiplier: 0.0 - 10.0;

INSTRUMENTS for RECHARGE NODES

The only type of instrument for a recharge node can affcte

its target flow rate (multiplier).

INSTRUMENTS for TREATMENT NODES

Instruments for the tretament node apply mainly to the STREAM water quality models scneraios; The integratiob of WRM and STREAM for optimization is still under development. However, parameters affect (together wth the associated cost factors of investment and operating costs) include:

hydraulic capacity
substance specific removal efficiencies

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